Our Society

SOCIETY

Q-What is Society?      

Answer!

1-   The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.      

2-   An organization or club formed for a particular purpose or activity.         

  Improving Locally

1

Volunteer. Volunteering with a local charity is a great way to improve the world around you. You'll be able to do the most direct good and see the impact on the people that you help. If you have a practical skill or can learn one, or evening volunteering at the Humane Society in your local neighborhood. using that skill will offer the most good (skills like construction or medicine are good examples).

• Tutor disadvantaged kids
• Work at a local soup kitchen
• Work with a charity like Habitat for Humanity.

2

Reduce your impact. Another way to really make the world a better place is to reduce the negative impact you have on the world around you. Being good stewards of the world has a significant and positive impact on your environment and helps to preserve the planet for the next generation.

• Be consistent about recycling.
• Reduce the waste you produce and compost.
• Conserve water and grow some of your own food.
• If you really want to help your local environment, buy and install solar panels for your home and switch to public transit, a bike, or an electric vehicle.

3

Be civically engaged. Exercise your right to vote. Bad politicians and policies can have an incredibly negative impact on your community and your environment. By not voting and letting your voice be heard, you are allowing opportunity for bad policy to rule. Be engaged in your city, states, and country by voting and talking with the politicians you support, as well as educating others on important issues.

4

Make a statement with what you buy. With companies, your money talks....so shout as loud as you can! Don't buy products that harm animals or from companies that use abusive tactics with their animals. Whenever you can, buy local products that support the people around you and your local economy. When a company makes poor choices that negatively affect people, stop buying their products.

• Always, always feel free to contact companies to let them know what you're doing and why! Some, not all, businesses actually care about what their customers want. They'll never know how to change if people don't tell them.

Karachi

Karachi          

City in Pakistan

Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan

Federal-B-Area

Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan It is also the capital of Pakistani province of Sindh. Karachi is the main seaport and financial center of Pakistan.

Karachi the largest and the most populace city of Pakistan, presents an interesting and colorful combination of the old and new. The narrow twisting lanes and alleys of the old city throb with life alongside wide roads and elegant modern building. Within the city, talented artisans with age-old skills produce handicrafts of exquisite beauty.

Karachi offers a variety of pleasant attractions, wide sunny beaches deep-sea fishing. Yachting, golf and horseracing, all year round. Its restaurants cater to a wide choice of Pakistani and Western cuisines. Its markets and bazaars offer an endless variety of exciting shopping, including indigenous handicrafts. Particularly rugs and carpets of rare designs and beauty.

Karachi?s recorded history goes back to the 18th century when its was a small fishing village known as Kalachi-jo-Goth. With the development of its harbor it gradually grew into a large city and an important center of trade and industry. Its selection as the capital of Pakistan in 1947 added to its importance and accelerated its growth and development. Though the seat of Government shifted to Islamabad, Karachi still remains the center of commerce and industry.

• Language:

• Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi,pushto, English

• Phone Code:
  • 021
• Climate:
  • Usually Karach has a normal temperature of about 34 to 35 in summers at day , and very pleasant in nights due to the wind which blow from the sea .
• Activities / Interests:
  • Parks, Garden, Beaches
• Shrines:
  • Tomb of Shah Abdul Latif
• Best Time To Visit:
  • January

QUAID-E-AZAM`S MAUSOLEUM :

This white marble Mausoleum with its curved Moorish arches and copper grills resets on an elevated 54 sq. meters platform. The cool inner sanctum reflects the green of a four-tiered crystal chandelier gifted by the peoples Republic of China.

The memorial slab framed with silver railings dawns people from far and wide who come to pay their respects to the father of the Nation and to watch the impressive changing of guard?s ceremony that takes place everyday. Today the Quaid-e-Azam`s Mausoleum is a prominent and impressive landmark of Karachi. Nearby are the graves of the ?Quaid-e-Millat?. Liaqat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Quaid`s sister, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah.

WHAT TO EAT?:

Pakistani food is rich, spiced and delicately flavored. Favorite dishes are chicken meat and vegetable curries, pulao (rice cooked with meat) , seekh kebab and tikka kebab (minced meat or meat pieces grilled on skewers).

BOATING & FISHING :

Boating in Karachi is a pleasant experience. A catch of crabs and fish, is cooked and served aboard the boat by the crew. Bunder boats are available at Keamari and if required, the crew provides the bait as well as facilities for deep-sea fishing, but they must be arranged in advance. Prices should always be negotiated and fixed beforehand. On a moonlight night it is treat to sail up the sheltered harbor from Kemari to Sandspit.

CHAUKUNDI:

Just off the National Highway, 271/2 Kms. (17 miles) from Karachi is Chaukundi. This is the site of graveyards that date back to the 16th to 18th centuries. The sandstone covers of these graves are exquisitely carved in relief with intricate motifs. The tomb slabs of women?s graves are embellished with designs of jewellery, necklaces, earrings and rings while those of men bear horse-and-rider motifs as well as floral and abstract designs.

City geographic coordinates are 24°51′ N 67°02′ E. Most of the land consists of flat or rolling plains, with hills on the western and ManoraIsland and the Oyster Rocks. The Arabian Sea beach lines the southern coastline of Karachi. Mangroves and creeks of the Indus deltacan be found toward the southeast side of the city.

Artificial Life

Artificial Life!

Artificial Life!

1. What is Artificial Life?

    Anwer.

The study of life and living systems has historically been dominated by the study of organic (carbon-based) organisms as they are found on one isolated planet in a vast universe of possibilities. This study is largely contained within the field of biology, which applies a top-down approach-essentially taking apart existing living systems to discover the essential elements. Because the number and variety of living systems available for study is strictly limited, biology has some inherent weaknesses.

The biological approach can be compared to an attempt to learn the principles of painting by studying the works found in a single museum or created by a single artist. While such an approach will surely yield many valuable insights, it is unlikely that we can learn all that there is to know about the subject of painting in this manner. In the same way that a deeper understanding of painting can be gained by attempting to create your own works, those within the discipline of A-Life seek to better understand life and living systems through the simulation and synthesis of natural living systems. "[R]ather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms

Emergence of A-Life as a Discipline

The term "artificial life" was coined in the late 1980s by researcher Christopher Langton, who defined it as "the study of artificial systems that exhibit behavior characteristic of natural living systems. It is the quest to explain life in any of its possible manifestations, without restriction to the particular examples that have evolved on earth... the ultimate goal is to extract the logical form of living systems."

Probably the first person to actively study and write on topics related to A-Life was the noted mathematician John Von Neumann, who was also an early figure in the field of game theory. In the middle of the 20th century, Von Neumann delivered a paper entitled "The General and Logical Theory of Automata," in which he discussed the concept of a machine that follows simple rules and reacts to information in its environment. Von Neumann proposed that living organisms are just such machines. He also studied the concept of machine self-replication, and conceived the idea that a self-replicating machine, or organism, must contain within itself a list of instructions for producing a copy of itself. This was several years before James Watson and Francis Crick, with the help of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, discovered the structure of DNA.

The first real exposure of A-Life concepts to the general public came through the "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American magazine. In the 1960s a professor named John Conway devised a simple cellular automaton (CA) that he called the Game of Life. Conway's CA was simple enough for just about anyone to understand and "play" with, but it exhibited amazingly complex and life-like behavior.

Artificial Life vs. Artificial Intelligence

I

n order to begin an exploration into the world of Artificial Life Programming, it helps to start with a vision of what it is. Of equal importance to the nature and purpose of A-Life is how it differs from Artificial Intelligence.

According to the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID):

Artificial Life does overlap with Artificial Intelligence but the two areas are very different in their approach and history. Artificial Life is concerned with specific life-oriented algorithms such as genetic algorithms which can mimic nature and its laws and therefore relates more to biology, whereas Artificial Intelligence tends to look at how human intelligence can be replicated, therefore relating more to psychology

Artificial Life History and Resources

If you are new to this subject, or want to learn more about A-Life or A-Life research, we offer a broad range of resources: links to A-Life organizations, publications and a list of related books and films. In addition, we offer a historical overview of this growing discipline, look at how A-Life experts themselves view this unique discipline and illuminate jobs in the field.

Open problems in A Life

How does life arise from the nonliving?

• Generate a molecular proto-organism in vitro.
• Achieve the transition to life in an artificial chemistry in silico.
• Determine whether fundamentally novel living organizations can exist.
• Simulate a unicellular organism over its entire life cycle.
• Explain how rules and symbols are generated from physical dynamics in living systems.

What are the potentials and limits of living systems?

• Determine what is inevitable in the open-ended evolution of life.
• Determine minimal conditions for evolutionary transitions from specific to generic response systems.
• Create a formal framework for synthesizing dynamical hierarchies at all scales.
• Determine the predictability of evolutionary consequences of manipulating organisms and ecosystems.
• Develop a theory of information processing, information flow, and information generation for evolving systems.

How is life related to mind, machines, and culture?

• Demonstrate the emergence of intelligence and mind in an artificial living system.
• Evaluate the influence of machines on the next major evolutionary transition of life.
• Provide a quantitative model of the interplay between cultural and biological evolution.
• Establish ethical principles for artificial life.